1. Water percolates from the ground, either from a hillside or from beneath the box. At the inlet to each box, gravel is placed to filter out any soil that might seep in and dirt-ify the water. You’ll notice on the hillside spring box that large and small stones are also placed at the entrance to the box. This keeps the gravel from falling into the box.
2. In the box, a pipe leading to storage of some sort (to protect the water quality, it’s probably best to make sure this is a closed tank) is placed lower down on the box. Higher up on the box, another outlet pipe is placed, but this one is to allow excess water to overflow out of the tank.
3. On the outside of the box, under the outlet for the overflow pipe, you need to place a small piece of concrete leading away from the box, so that when the box does overflow, the water that comes out doesn’t erode away the soil.
4. Outside, at the base of the box, puddle and compacted clay is placed to provide a strong support for the box so it doesn’t crack.
5. Above the clay, it will be important to place “tamped” or “compacted” soil to provide further stability for the box.
6. You'll also want to slant the roof of the box so that any rain that falls automatically drains off the box.
7. You might also notice that for the box on the hillside, a diversion ditch is placed above the box. When water follows the laws of physics and flows downhill after it rains, it will be important to divert as much water as possible so that the soil around the box is not eroded and weakened.
8. Giving maybe 10m of space around the box, place a barbed wire fence so that animals can't get in.
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